Umuyoboro winyuma ni igice kimwe kigizwe nibice bitatu byubwubatsi. Mubisanzwe bizwi nka "uhuze kumpande zombi". Mugihe cyo kubaka, uyikoresha akeneye gusa guhindura intebe kugirango ahindure akazi. Akazi nyamukuru k'umutwaro winyuma ni ugucukura imyobo igana imiyoboro hamwe ninsinga zubutaka, gushiraho urufatiro rwinyubako no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuvoma.
Impamvu nyamukuru abatwara backhoe bari kumwanya wubwubatsi ni ukubera gukenera gucukura no kwimura umwanda kubikorwa bitandukanye. Mugihe ibindi bikoresho byinshi bishobora gukora akazi nkuyu, umutwaro winyuma urashobora kongera imikorere yawe kuburyo bugaragara. Mugereranije, abatwara imizigo yinyuma iroroshye kuruta ibikoresho binini, bigamije intego imwe nka moteri ya crawler. Kandi zirashobora kandi kwimurwa hafi yubwubatsi butandukanye ndetse no kwiruka mumuhanda. Mugihe ibikoresho bito bito hamwe nubucukuzi bishobora kuba bito kurenza umutwaro winyuma, ukoresheje umutwaro winyuma urashobora kubika umwanya munini namafaranga mugihe rwiyemezamirimo akora ibikorwa byo gucukura no gupakira.
Umuyoboro winyuma urimo: powertrain, imizigo irangira, nubucukuzi bwanyuma. Buri gice cyibikoresho cyagenewe ubwoko bwakazi. Ahantu hasanzwe hubakwa, abashinzwe gucukura akenshi bakeneye gukoresha ibice bitatu byose kugirango akazi karangire.
Powertrain
Imiterere yibanze yumutwaro winyuma ni powertrain. Powertrain yumutwaro winyuma yagenewe gukora kubuntu kubutaka butandukanye. Kugaragaza moteri ikomeye ya turbodiesel, amapine manini yinini yinyo hamwe na cab ifite ibikoresho byo kugenzura (ibizunguruka, feri, nibindi).
Imizigo ikusanyirizwa imbere yibikoresho naho moteri ikusanyirizwa inyuma. Ibi bice byombi bitanga imirimo itandukanye rwose. Abatwara ibintu barashobora gukora imirimo myinshi itandukanye. Mubisabwa byinshi, urashobora kubitekereza nkumukungugu munini ukomeye cyangwa ikawa. Mubisanzwe ntabwo ikoreshwa mubucukuzi, ariko ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutora no kwimura ibintu byinshi bidakabije. Ubundi, irashobora gukoreshwa mugusunika isi nkumuhoro, cyangwa gutunganya ubutaka nkamavuta kumugati. Umukoresha arashobora kugenzura umutwara mugihe atwaye traktori.
Gucukumbura nigikoresho nyamukuru cyumutwaro winyuma. Irashobora gukoreshwa mu gucukura ibintu byinshi, ibintu bikomeye (akenshi ubutaka) cyangwa kuzamura ibintu biremereye (nkibisanduku byimyanda). Umucukuzi arashobora kuzamura ibikoresho akabishyira kuruhande rwumwobo. Muri make, imashini ikora ni imbaraga, ukuboko cyangwa urutoki runini, bigizwe n'ibice bitatu: gutera imbere, indobo, n'indobo.
Ibindi byongeweho mubisanzwe biboneka kubatwara inyuma harimo ibirenge bibiri bihagarara inyuma yibiziga byinyuma. Ibi birenge nibyingenzi mumikorere ya moteri. Ibirenge bikurura ingaruka zuburemere bwa excavator mugihe ikora ibikorwa byo gucukura. Hatabayeho guhagarika ibirenge, uburemere bwumutwaro uremereye cyangwa imbaraga zo hasi zo gucukura byangiza ibiziga nipine, kandi romoruki yose izasunika hejuru. Guhagarika ibirenge bituma traktor itajegajega kandi bikagabanya imbaraga zatewe nigihe ubucukuzi bwacukuye. Guhagarika ibirenge kandi birinda traktor kunyerera mu mwobo cyangwa mu buvumo.
tekinike yo gukora neza
1. Mbere yo gucukura hamwe nu mutwaro winyuma, umunwa namaguru byindobo yipakurura bigomba gushyirwaho hasi, kugirango ibiziga byimbere ninyuma bitagaragara hasi gato, kandi fuselage igomba kubikwa murwego rwo kunoza ituze rya imashini. Mbere yo gucukura, indobo yipakurura igomba guhindurwa kugirango umunwa windobo ureba hasi kandi ibiziga byimbere biva hasi gato. Kwiheba no gufunga pederi ya feri, hanyuma wongere outriggers kugirango uzamure ibiziga byinyuma hasi kandi ukomeze umwanya utambitse.
2. Niba ibibyimba bitangiye gufata feri mugihe cyo kumanuka, imbaraga zatewe nubusembure bwazo zangiza ibikoresho byubucukuzi kandi byangiza ituze ryimashini, bigatera impanuka. Mugihe cyo gukora, ikigenzurwa kigomba kuba gihamye kandi ntigomba kugenda cyane; gutera imbere ntibigomba gufatwa hagati mugihe bigabanutse. Ntukoreshe ibikoresho byinshi mugihe ucukura. Kuzenguruka bigomba kuba byoroshye, nta ngaruka kandi bigakoreshwa mu gukubita impande z'umwobo. Guhagarika buffer kumpera yinyuma ya boom igomba guhora idahwitse; niba byangiritse, bigomba gusanwa mbere yo kubikoresha. Iyo uhinduye, igikoresho cyo gucukura kigomba kuba muburyo bwo gutwara abantu hagati, amaguru agomba gusubira inyuma, kandi ukuboko guterura bigomba kuzamurwa mbere yo gukomeza.
3. Mbere yo gupakira ibikorwa, uburyo bwo gutobora ibikoresho byo gucukura bigomba gushyirwa mumwanya wo hagati hanyuma bigashyirwaho icyapa gikurura. Mugihe cyo gupakira, ibikoresho bike bigomba gukoreshwa. Umwanya wo kureremba wa valve ntugomba gukoreshwa mugihe ukuboko kuzamura indobo. Ikwirakwizwa ryimyanya ya sisitemu yo kugenzura hydraulic igabanijwemo ibice bine imbere ninyuma enye. Imyanya ine yimbere igenzura abasohoka, guterura amaboko no gupakira indobo, nibindi, kandi bikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza no gusohora ibikorwa; inyuma yinyuma enye zikoresha indobo, guswera, nibice byimuka. Intwaro n'indobo, nibindi, bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo kuzunguruka no gucukura. Imikorere yimashini nubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya hydraulic ntabwo yemerera kandi ntibishoboka gukora ibikorwa byo gupakira no gucukura icyarimwe.
4. Iyo ibice bine byambere bikora, ibice bine byanyuma ntibigomba gukora icyarimwe. Mugihe cyo gutwara cyangwa gukora, ntamuntu numwe wemerewe kwicara cyangwa guhagarara ahantu hose kumutwaro winyuma usibye hanze ya cab.
5. Mubisanzwe, abatwara imizigo yinyuma bakoresha ibimuga bifite moteri nkuru, kandi bafite ibikoresho byo gupakira no gucukura imbere ninyuma, byongera uburebure nuburemere bwimashini. Noneho, irinde umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mugihe utwaye kugirango wirinde impanuka. Ntukarengere utabogamye mugihe umanuka. Iyo inkoni ya piston ya hydraulic ya indobo hamwe nindobo ikomeza kubikwa mumwanya wagutse, indobo irashobora kuzanwa hafi yubukungu, kandi igikoresho cyo gucukura kiri mumwanya muto, kikaba cyiza cyo gukora ingendo. Mugihe utwaye, abasohoka bagomba gusubira inyuma rwose, igikoresho cyo gucukura kigomba gukosorwa neza, igikoresho cyo gupakira kigomba kumanurwa, kandi indobo nindobo bifata inkoni ya hydraulic piston bigomba kuguma mumwanya wagutse.
6. Nyuma yuko romoruki yibiziga ihinduwe umutwaro winyuma, uburemere bwa romoruki bwiyongera cyane. Kugirango ugabanye kwangirika kwipine munsi yumutwaro uremereye, hafatwa ingamba zo gutuma inziga zinyuma zitagaragara hasi mugihe zihagarara. Iyo umwanya wo guhagarara urenze, abasohoka bagomba kuzamurwa kugirango bazamure ibiziga byinyuma hasi; iyo umwanya wo guhagarara urenze, ibiziga byinyuma bigomba kuzamurwa hasi kandi bigomba gushyigikirwa na padi munsi yo guhagarika inyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-18-2023